The Death Of The Modern American Mafia - 1532 Words

The American underworld reared its head for the first time in the late nineteenth century. Since this time new waves of immigrants to the United States, primarily Italian, have facilitated in the rise of organized crime in America. Italian mafia members treated the workings in America as an extension of the Sicilian mafia rather than a new organization. The immigration of the Lucania family from Italy to the United States would be the cause of one of the most drastic changes in the workings of organized crime. Charles Luciano became the father of the modern American mafia. Charles Luciano lived the hard childhood experienced by the children of almost all immigrants. On November 24, 1897, Charles Luciano, christened Salvatore Lucania, was†¦show more content†¦Luciano could barely speak English which caused him to struggle in school and, being stubborn and belligerent, he turned to the streets (Gosch, 1975). However, during his five years of formal education, Luciano did learn one thing: Jews could prove extraordinary allies (Gosch, 1975). Luciano learned his way around the life of the streets. One of his first major rackets was getting his schoolmates to pay him for protection (Lucky Luciano Biography, n.d.). If they didn’t cough up the money, he was liable to give them a beating himself (Lucky Luciano Biography, n.d.). By 1916, he was a leading member of the Five Points Gang, a gang with a reputation for brutality and for fighting to the death in gang wars. In this same year, Luciano started delivering narcotics for George Scanlon, and was caught for selling heroin, which got him a year at Hampton Farms Penitentiary. This was the start of something for Luciano. Luciano formed a gang that would later dominate the face of organized crime and change it into a new and all-pervasive menace that would influence the American social life for many years to come. He first met Meyer Lansky and Benjamin â€Å"Bugsy† Siegel when he was into â€Å"grabbing pennies† from jewish kids for protection (Gosch, 1975). Luciano had walked up to Lansky, and standing a whole head taller than him, made the usual proposition for protection (Gosch, 1975). Lansky stared Luciano down and, with no fear, told Luciano he didn’t need

My Eulogy Essay - 1065 Words

I remember how I went from excited to fearful in a matter of seconds. It was December. I was in the 4th grade, happy as I could be, innocent, but have had struggles in life as most kids with divorced parents have. We’ll start at school. That is where it all began. In class, we were making Christmas angel ornaments for our family. I was the only one, in my class of thirty that had divorced parents and decided to make one for each of my parents. I still remember that angel. That angel with messy glue marks, a crooked smile drawn with a black marker. My dad would still hang it on the tree after everything that had happened, saying every year â€Å"I remember when you gave this to me†, with a smile on his face. I’ve come to the†¦show more content†¦I ran up those four steps with such urgency and a big smile stretched across my face as I knocked on his door. I waited five seconds. No response. I knocked again. This time harder. It was odd that he wasn’ t answering. The apartment wasn’t that big and his car was parked in its spot. I was about to go back to the car and ask my mom if she knew where he was, when the apartment door suddenly yanked open. I thought I would I have been greeted with a smile with my unplanned, surprise arrival. I wasn’t. I was met with anger. Red hot, fiery, drunken rage. â€Å"Why are you knocking on my door so f***ing loud!† he yelled at me. Shock and panic were the only things in my mind as I said with trepidation, â€Å"I made a Christmas gift for you†¦and you didn’t answer†¦I’m sorry.† I didn’t notice I was crying until I felt the salty tears run down my face and touch my quivering lips. He went back inside to get his shoes I learned, I quickly wipe the tears off my face so he couldn’t see. I turned back to see where he was in the house, and all I see is my six foot one father barreling toward me. I take off running to the car, where my mom looked up, confused at why I was running. She looked behind me and saw what I was running from. My drunk father, who has made my life a struggle since I was born. â€Å"Why are you crying? What happened?† she asked in a concerned and worried tone. But she never had the chance to hearShow MoreRelatedMy Eulogy Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesMy brother is not just someone I share blood with but someone I can rely on and look up to. Patrick, my seventeen-year-old brother, has been by my side since I was a little baby. The earliest memories I have are of Patrick and I running around in our backyard laughing and playing. As he grew older, I began to look up to him. He was everything I aspired to be: intelligent, passionate, and athletic. Patrick always seemed to know what he wanted in life, and I admired how he chased down his goals. ThereRead MoreMy Eulogy Essay2027 Words   |  9 PagesSunday school that morning (I was too shy). My family was taking up the full row of chairs . 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Understanding the International Macro Economy

Question: Discuss about theUnderstanding the International Macro Economy. Answer: Introduction The most common decisive factor that is suggested by economists to determine the optimal exchange rate regime is macroeconomic as well as financial stability in the face of transient real or nominal shocks. The GCC was founded in the year 1981 with the objective of relinquishing closer ties as well as powerful links among the six member states. After the establishment of the GCC, member states signed a treaty that established the GCC Free Trade Area as well as delineated the steps for closer economic collaboration (Legrenzi 2015). The most common decisive factor suggested by theoretical literature for concluding the optimal regime of exchange rate is macroeconomic as well as economic stability in the face of real shocks. External stability is described as a balance of payments position that is not probable to lead to disruptive adjustments in the rates of exchange. The position of the balance of payment is reliable with external stability in which current account is widely in line wi th the level of equilibrium. The predictable view on the choice of regime of exchange rate is useful for macroeconomic as w,ell as financial constancy in the face of real domestic and external shocks. Fixed exchange rate is more effectual in accomplishing macroeconomic as well as financial constancy acting in response to domestic nominal shocks (Gervais, Schembri and Suchanek 2016). The weakness of oil prices led to questioning of the sustainability of the fixed rate of exchange currency systems in the GCC. There are several imperative causes to believe that low prices of energy could weaken the reliability of pegs in the region. Export revenues are mostly affected due to several oil-related goods that are considered as the major export of the Gulf countries. The foreign reserves of the central banks are likely to be drained due to the historically unrelenting current account surplus of the region that is also likely to put further pressure on the pegs (Arouri, Jouini and Nguyen 2013). Currencies mostly get prone to suffer exploratory attacks due to excess pressure on the regime of fixed rate of exchange. In this case, the exploratory attacks mostly include deflation as well as shift to a free-floating regime.The government of GCC has stated that they stay open to the choice of exchange rate arrangement under the proposed GCC currency union. Besides, several adv antages free-floating regime leads to several issues for Gulf countries. This is mostly due to the introduction of currency risks for cross-border business as well as expenditures. GCC currencies are likely to face additional pressure, as devaluation expectations are likely to generate considerable capital outflows. A balance of payment deficit of 14 percent and 21 percent are get experienced by both Saudi Arabia and Qatar respectively. This will mostly take place due to deterioration of the current account. Credibility of the fixed exchange rate mostly depends on the holdings of the foreign reserves. The largest volume of central bank reserves in the Gulf are acquired by Saudi Arabia both in absolute and comparative terms. This in turn helps to provide financial support to nine years of BoP deficit of its gross domestic product (Dell and Lawrence 2013). The rest of the GCC countries seem to appear in a meager position, if only the central bank reserves are taken into consideration. However, superior wealth fund resources are mostly not included in the reserves of central banks that could be used for monetary approach purposes. The fixed exchange regime are mostly guaranteed in the medium run due to adequate resources that are hold by authorities in the GCC countries. However, the evolution of oil prices in the long-run determines the adjustments of exchange rate (Ganguli 2016). Even Bahrain and Oman are able to endure comparatively long periods of low prices of oil as they could finance up to one year of imports with their national reserves as well as five years of a corresponding BoP deficit. The insulating properties of exchange rate regimes are affected powerfully by the structural characteristics of the GCC economies. As GCC countries may diversify in the future, flexibility of greater rate of exchange may be warranted. During t he year 2003, all the GCC countries (except Kuwait) were already pegged to the US dollar and the decision was made on the basis of the expectation that the dollar peg would maintain constancy and also reinforce confidence in the economies. GCC countries have pursued economic policies that are reliable with exchange rate pegs. Members of GCC have accumulated noteworthy foreign exchange reserves that strengthen the credibility of the peg and deject speculation against their currencies. Macroeconomic circumstance in the GCC countries has been steady for the last two decades mostly during the periods of dollar instabilities. The rate of exchange simplifies trade as well as economic transaction that lead to financial coordination among the member countries (Collins et al. 2017). Even in the absence of a well-developed domestic private market in forward exchange, risk related to exchange rate can be easily evaded as there remains a probability to work with the help of US dollar markets. W ith the given degree of variability of the GCC countries, it is tremendously difficult to conclude the rate of exchange without any impact on some of the stability characteristics. The predictable unit value of the projected GCC common currency is equal to 0.293 dollars. This rate of exchange is comparatively higher as compared to the existing currency exchange rates among the GCC countries. With cross-rates steady, intra-GCC business deal benefits as traders as well as investors do not have to take any risk that is associated with exchange rate. This in turn encourages further incorporation of members. GCC mostly considers the real exchange rate as a measure of competitiveness. The small model of GCC comprises of four equations for the real rate of exchange as well as real output and price level. The doubling-up of the real oil price appreciates the real rate of exchange of the GCC countries by about 3 percent on an average. Exchange rate arrangements other than the dollar peg could be considered in light of emerging changes in business as well as investment prototypes. With augmented mobility of capital, trade openness as well as foreign direct investment, the requirements for supporting an exchange rate peg become more challenging. The maintenance of a tight peg to the dollar forces the GCC countries to depend almost completely on fiscal policy in order to manage oil- related instability (Basher 2015). A more flexible regime of exchange rate is likely to provide these countries with another tool for adjust to oil shocks. However, the GCC countries also operate under large current account surpluses and as a result, their current exchange rate is undervalued. The dollar peg provides a powerful and easily understood anchor for monetary policy however; it is not possible to diverge too much from the rate of inflation of the US. Global competitiveness can be maintained under a fixed rate of exchange in the GCC countries due to flexibility of the labor market. The peg of the exchange rate also simplifies business as well as economic transaction. A single GCC currency float against other currencies would have the benefit of permitting the GCC countries to make the use of monetary policy in order to alleviate inflation and also non-oil productivity and to promote the expansion of the private non-oil economy. In the light of the present structural charact eristics of the GCC countries, the active monetary and exchange rate policies are put to question that whether these policies will be able to accomplish external stability (Bouoiyour and Selmi 2014). The risks that are associated with floating rates of exchange are the large swings in prices of oil that could lead to volatile rate of exchange and to larger fluctuation in non-oil productivity in the end. The implementation of basket peg may be helpful way in order to introduce several flexibility of the exchange rate. However, one of the disadvantages that are associated with basket peg is that it may diminish the microeconomic and informational advantages to maintain a constant two-sided rate of exchange. Gulf countries require to implement further long-term reforms in order to enhance the sustainability of their financial system and currency regime. Diversification is particularly requisite as it would shield the balance of payment from instability of oil price (Ghosh, Ostry and Qureshi 2015). (R) = ($) + (1 - )() Here R stands for the common currency of GCC. An optional to pegging to an individual currency, the dollar, is pegging to a basket of two currencies. However, and are constants in order to determine the nominal rate of exchange between R and the basket. In other words, the basket peg rule fixes the values of and . It can be concluded that the economies of GCC are identical in terms of their structural as well as financial fundamentals. The GCC states look identical in terms of sustainable expansion as well as price stability. It can be concluded the rate of exchange abridges trade as well as economic business that lead to financial organization among the member countries. At the exchange of GCC, real-time currency rates of exchange are provided. Due to weakness in the oil price, the sustainability of the fixed rate of exchange systems in the GCC is put to question. The currencies are mostly prone to undergo exploratory attacks mostly when fixed exchange rate are under pressure. It can concluded that the current rate of exchange for all the six countries of GCC are fixed except that of Kuwait and the exchange rate of those countries are comparatively higher than that of existing rates. References Arouri, M.E.H., Jouini, J. and Nguyen, D.K., 2013. On the relationship between world oil prices and GCC stock markets. Basher, S., 2015. Regional initiative in the Gulf Arab States: the search for a common currency.International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management,8(2), pp.185-202. Bouoiyour, J. and Selmi, R., 2014. GCC Countries and the Nexus between Exchange Rate and Oil Price: What wavelet decomposition reveals?.International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics,5(1), pp.55-70. Collins, R.D., Selin, N.E., de Weck, O.L. and Clark, W.C., 2017. Using inclusive wealth for policy evaluation: Application to electricity infrastructure planning in oil-exporting countries.Ecological Economics,133, pp.23-34. Dell, S. and Lawrence, R., 2013.The Balance of Payments Adjustment Process in Developing Countries: Pergamon Policy Studies on Socio-Economic Development. Elsevier. Ganguli, S., 2016. An economic analysis of sustainability of a potential GCC economic and monetary union during 2005-2014.World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development,12(3), pp.194-206. Gervais, O., Schembri, L. and Suchanek, L., 2016. Current account dynamics, real exchange rate adjustment, and the exchange rate regime in emerging-market economies.Journal of Development Economics,119, pp.86-99. Ghosh, A.R., Ostry, J.D. and Qureshi, M.S., 2015. Exchange rate management and crisis susceptibility: A reassessment.IMF Economic Review,63(1), pp.238-276. Legrenzi, M., 2015.The GCC and the international relations of the Gulf: Diplomacy, security and economic coordination in a changing Middle East(Vol. 44). IB Tauris.

Patient Information Management System Documentation free essay sample

The software methodology followed in this project includes the object-oriented methodology and Iteration methodologies. It starts with an initial planning and ends with deployment with the cyclic interactions in between. The basic idea behind this method is to develop a system through repeated cycles (iterative) and in smaller portions at a time (incremental), allowing software developers to take advantage of what was learned during development of earlier parts or versions of the system. We will use three fact finding techniques to find the correct information on the development of our system. The techniques which were used by us include: * Interview One of the most important ways of gathering information are interviews ,the interview simply is talk to employee. * Document Sampling * Work Site Observation Significance of the Project The main significance of this project to introduce the computerize system for Felege HiwotReferal Hospital, which gives effective services for patients. The system enables hospitals and doctors to better serve their patients, improve quality of patient care, reducing the time spent. We will write a custom essay sample on Patient Information Management System Documentation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chapter Two: SYSTEM FEATURES 1. Existing System Description Hospitals currently use a manual system for the management and maintenance of critical information. The current system requires numerous paper forms, with data stores spread throughout hospital customer information management infrastructure. Often information is incomplete, or does not follow management standards. Forms are often lost in transit between departments requiring a comprehensive auditing process to ensure that no vital information is lost. Multiple copies of the same information exist in the hospital and may lead to inconsistencies in data in various data stores. 2. Proposed System Description The Hospital Customer Information Management System is designed for Any Hospital to replace their existing manual, paper based system. The new system is to control the overall patient information. These services are to be provided in an efficient, cost effective manner, with the goal of reducing time and resources usage. 3. Specific Requirements 3. 1 Tools and Material Requirement Software Requirement| purposes| Microsoft visual studio 2010 using c# csharp| To easily develop the system | SQL server 2005/2008| For database designing| Notepad++| For editing code| Microsoft Visio| For system designing like relational mapping, ER_diagram, entity and so on. | Crystal report software| To generate report from the database| Table [ 1 ]. Software Requirement Hardware Requirement| Purposes| Computers| For system develops | Table [ 2 ]. Hardware Requirement 3. 1 User Requirements 3. 1. 1 Functional Requirements * Req1. The system shall add a patient. * Req3. The system shall search a Patient. * Req4. The system shall generate patient information report. * Req7. The system shall modify an account. * Req8. The system shall allow new users to create account. * Req9. The system shall request patient full information. * Req10. The system shall check login validity. 3. 1. 2 Non Functional Requirements * The system should be easy to use for the user. * The system shall be available work 24 hours. * The system shall be efficient to full fill patient needs. * The system should be secured from any user. * The system shall recover from error within a short period of time. * The system shall minimize errors and clear error message must be displayed that guide user to handle it. . 1. 3 System requirements R1. The system should have a database to store data and information about the user. R1. 1. the system shall store data from the user. R1. 2. the system shall check the patient information that is complete or not. R1. 3. the system checks that all information are entered. R1. 4. the system saves information about the user. R2. The system should be ready for the user to login on the system by displaying a login on interface. R2. 1. the user want to login. R2. 2. the system displays the login form interface for the user. R2. 3. the user submits his/her password and user name. R2. . the system verifies his or her password and user name. R2. 5. the system displays a message if the user name or password not correct. R2. 6. the system login the user if user name and password is correct. R4. The system shall be able to search all users. R4. 1 the system wants to search. R4. 2 the user enters the wanted data. R5. The system should prevent the data base management system from any an authorized access. R6. The system gives service for the patients from local access where there is internet access. R7. The system should be able to display error message if users missing some information. R8. The system should add,search and update patients Analysis Models DFD Patient OPD Patient register Department Special Doctors Pharmacy Laboratory Patient Ok Operation Figure [ 1 ]. Data Flow Diagram Use case diagram Figure 2. Use Case Diagram. Use Case Description. Use Case Id:| UC-001| Use Case Name| Patient Register | Use Case Description| In this business use cases those Patients will going to the hospital and will be registered in the system. | Actors:| Patient| Preconditions:| * List of accepted patients are registered to the registration form. | Flow of Events:| 1. The Patient asks for registration. . The receptionist checks if patient’s name is in the list of registration form. 3. The Patient submits all required details. 4. receptionist validates all submitted details. 1. patient registered. 5. End use case| Alternate Flow:| 2. 1 patient details is not found in the system 2. 2. 1 The receptionist informs the patient that he/she can’t register. 2. 2. 2 The registr ation process terminates. | Post condition| patients are registered to the system and get services. | Goal| To register patients with appropriate information| Table [ 3 ]. Use Case Description. Use Case Id:| UC-002| Use Case Name:| Treat Patients| Use Case Description| This business use case is used to treat patients who are registered . The treatment is based on patient’s problem/diseases level. | Actors:| * Doctor * OPD * Department| Preconditions:| * patient details resisted in to the system and checked. | Triggers:| * Notification letter from Zone| Flow of Events:| 1. OPD calls patient who is registered. 2. OPD ask the patient what kinds of symptoms he/she has. 3. If the patient easily treated, the OPD prescribe the patient, otherwise he/she send to one of the department as the patient type. 4. The Doctor checks if the patient is under goes operation or prescribe medicine. 5. The patient perform operation. 6. The patient prescribe medicine. 7. The patient completes treatment. 8. The use cased end. | Exceptions:| | Information Requirements:| | Assumptions:| | Table [ 4 ]. Use Case Description. Use case id| UC_003| Use case name| Check patient examination| Actor | Doctor| Description | Doctor verifies patient diseases by using powerful instrument. | Precondition | Patients should be treated by Opd. | Basic course of action| 1) Doctors show patient result transferred from OPD 2) Check whether the instrument has or not. ) If the instrument have treat patient. 4) Check patient result. 5) Record result into system. 6) The system check the data is record correctly. 7) Send data into other department. 8) Check the data correctly. 9) The use case end. | Post condition| Patient information is checked. | Goal| To check Patient status is valid or not| Table [ 5 ]. Use Case Description Use case id| UC_004| Use case name| View report| Actor | Opd| Description | Allow managers to view the overall daily patient registered. | Precondition | The system should generate report| Basic course of action| 1. Open the home page 2. Enter username and password 3. The system validates username and password 4. Opd View system generated report 5. The use case ends| Alternative course of action| A3. The system Determine the entered username and password invalid. A4. The system notifies the Opd the username and password is invalid and prompts to renter. | Post condition| The Opd view report. | Goal| To view timely report of patient| Table [ 6 ]. Use Case Description Use Case Id:| UC-005| Use Case Name| Login| Use Case Description| In this business use cases Doctors, receptionist, each department will going to the developed system and will be login first to start some applications/services. Actors:| Doctors, receptionist, department| Preconditions:| * Doctors, receptionist, department are login to the system form. | Flow of Events:| 1. The Doctor should login first. 2. The Doctor checks if registered patients in the system. 3. The Doctor identifies what type of patients are registered. 4. The Doctor identifies which department belongs to. 5. the pa tient goes to the department accordingly. 6. the patient will treat . 7. End use case| Alternate Flow:| 2. 2 The doctor doesn’t login to the system 2. 3. 3 The doctor doesn’t have user login account. 2. 3. The registration process terminates. | Post condition| Doctors are login to the system and they give appropriate services for registered patients. | Goal| Doctors are create their login account in order to make the system secure and then use that account to start their work. | Use Case Id:| UC-006| Use Case Name| Record| Use Case Description| In this business use cases receptionist will going store each patient data for the purpose of treating patients in a good manner. | Actors:| Receptionist| Preconditions:| Receptionists are login to the system and collect patient data finally store the record. Flow of Events:| 1. The receptionist should login first. 2. The receptionist checks if registered patients in the system. 3. The receptionist identifies what type of patien ts are registered. 4. The receptionist identifies which department belongs to. 5. thereceptionist record each patients’ data as well. 6. End use case| Alternate Flow:| 2. 3 The receptionist doesn’t login to the system 2. 4. 5 The receptionist doesn’t have user login account. 2. 4. 6 The system process terminates. | Post condition| receptionist are login to the system and they record appropriate patient data. Goal| receptionist should store the correct patient data. | Class diagram Figure [ 3 ]. Class Diagram Activity diagram Login Figure [ 4 ] Activity Diagram for Login Registration Figure [ 5 ]. Activity Diagram for registration. Record Data Figure [ 6 ] Activity diagram for insert data Payment Figure [ 7 ] Activity diagram for payment Check Examine Figure [ 8 ] Activity diagram for check examine Sequence diagram Figure [ 9 ] Sequence diagram for patient information management system Chapter Three: SYSTEM DESIGN Deployment Diagram System Architectural Design Da ta Sql server Presentation Tier Database tier Business tier Data Structure Design Database Design Database design is used to manage large bodies of information. In this database we describe all the 4 tables available in the software, which are used to store all the records. 2. Entities with attributes,Data types and Relationship Patient Attributes| Data Type| Relationships| Patient first name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Patient middle name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Patient last name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Pid| Int| Primary Key| Age| Int| Not Null| Date_of_birth| Date/time| Not Null| Sex| Varchar(5)| Not Null| Address| Varchar(5)| Not Null| Disease| Varchar(5)| Not Null| Doc_id| Int| Foreign Key| Dep_cod| Int| Foreign Key| Date_of_registeration| Date/time| Not Null| Region| Nvarchar(50)| Not Null| Woreda_subcity| Nvarchar(50)| Not Null| Ketema_gott| Nvarchar(50)| Not Null| Kebela| Int| Not Null| House_no| Int| Not Null| Phone_no| Int| Not Null| Opd_code| Int| Foreign Key| Rec_id| Int| Foreign Key| Table [ 7 ]. Patient Doctor Attributes| Data Type| Relationships| Doctor First Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Doctor Middle Name| Int| Not Null| Doctor Last Name| Varchar(5)| Not Null| Doctor_Id| Int| Primary Key| Laboratory_No| Int| Foreign Key| Specialization| Nvarchar(50)| Not Null| Phone_No| Int| Not Null| Address| Nvarchar(50)| Not Null| Department_Cod| Int| Foreign Key| Table [ 8 ]. Doctor table Lab report Attributes| Data Type| Relationships| Lab_No| Varchar(5)| Primary Key| Patient_Id| Int| Foreign Key| Doctor_Id| Varchar(5)| Foreign Key| Date| Date/Time| Not Null| Category| Varchar(15)| Not Null| Patient_Type| Varchar(15)| Not Null| Amount| Int| Not Null| Table [ 9 ]. Lab Report table Inpatient Attributes| Data Type| Relationships| Inpatient First Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Inpatient Middle Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Inpatient Last Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Inpatien_Id| Int| Primary Key| Sex| Varchar(5)| Not Null| Room_No| Int| Not Null| Bed_No| Int| Foreign Key| Phone_No| Int| Not Null| Date Of Addmission| Date/Time| Not Null| Lab_No| Int| Foreign Key| Date Of Discharge| Date/Time| Not Null| Status| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Table [ 10 ] Inpatient Outpatient Attributes| Data Type| Relationships| Outpatient First Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Outpatient Middle Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Outpatient Last Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Outpatien_Id| Int| Primary Key| Age| int| Not Null| Gender| Varchar(5)| Not Null| Address| Nvarchar(50)| Not Null| Phone_No| Int| Not Null| Date Of Addmission| Date/Time| Not Null| Lab_No| Int| Foreign Key| Opration_Date| Date/Time| Not Null| Assigned_Doctor| Nvarchar(50)| Not Null| Status| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Table [ 11 ]. OutPatient Payment Attributes| Data Type| Relationship| Bill_No| Int| Primary Key| Medicine_Charge| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Patient_Type| Int| Not Null| Patient_Id| Int| Forign Key| No Of Date| Date/Time| Not Null| Health_Card| Nvarchar(50)| Not Null| Table [ 12 ]. Payment table Room Attributes| Data Type| Relationship| Inpatient First Name| Int| Not Null| Inpatient Middle Name| Int| Foreign Key| Inpatient Last Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Room_No| Int| Foreign Key| Bed_No| Int| Primary Key| Inpatient_Id| Int| Foreign Key| Table [ 13 ]. Room Table Receptionist Attributes| Data Type| Relationships| Receptionist First Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Receptionist Middle Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Receptionist Last Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Receptionist_Id| Int| Primary Key| Patient_Id| Int| Foreign Key| Sex| Varchar(5)| Not Null| Age| Int| Not Null| Address| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Table [ 14 ]. Receptionist Pharmacy Attributes| Data Type| Relationships| Medicine_Id| Int| Primary Key| Medicin_Name| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Medicin_Type| Varchar(50)| Not Null| Expire_Date| Date/Time| Not Null| Manfuctured_Date| Date/Time| Foreign Key| Price| Varchar(5)| Not Null| In_Id| Int| Foreign Key| Op_Id| Int| Foreign Key| Table [ 15 ]. Pharmacy Table Department Attributes| Data Type| Relationships| Department Name| Nvarchar(50)| Not Null| Department_Cod| Int| Primary Key| Opd_Cod| Int| Foreign Key| Laboratory_No| Int| Foreign Key| Table [ 16 ]. Department table OPD Attributes| Data Type| Relationships| OPD_Cod| Nvarchar(50)| Primary Key| Patient_Id| Int| Foreign Key| Services| Nvarchar| Not Null| Diagnisis| Nvarchar(Max)| Not Null| Departmement_Cod| Int| Foreign Key| Laboratory_No| Int| Foreign Key| Cost| Int| Not Null| Table 17. OPD ER_Diagram Figure [ 10 ]. ER_diagram User Interface Design Login page Figure [ 11 ]. login page Home Page Figure [ 12 ]. Home page Patient type page Figure [ 13 ]. Patient page Patient registration page Figure [ 14 ]. Patients registration page Inpatient form Figure [ 15 ]. Inpatient form Outpatient form Figure [ 16 ]. Outpatient form Receptionist form Figure [ 17 ]. Receptionist form Opd form Figure [ 18 ]. Opd form Department form Figure [ 19 ]. Department form Doctor form Figure [ 20 ]. Doctor form Room form Figure [ 21 ]. Room form Lab report form Figure [ 22 ]. Lab report form Pharmacy form Figure [ 23 ]. Pharmacy form Payment form Figure [ 24 ]. Payment form Conclusion Reference Bibliography Appendix Services and locations | (Type of services provided by the hospital): Clinical services| Laboratory services| Diagnostic service| Other services| Remark| Emergency| Stool examination| X-ray   | Pharmacy| | Out patient| Bacteriology examination| Ultrasound| MCH| | Inpatient| U inalysis| Doppler ultrasound | Physiotherapy| | Gyn. amp; maternity| Hematology| Pathology| Cervical cancer screening| | Pediatric And child health care| C/chemistry| ECG| HIV/ART care| | Minor amp; major surgeryamp; Orthopedics| Serology| | PMTCT| | Internal medicine| Blood film examination| | VCT service| | Dental health| Blood transfusion| | Hygiene and sanitation| | Dermatology| Immunology| | Health education| | Ophthalmic care| Skin test and body fluid analysis| | Endoscopy service| | Psychiatry| Culture and drug sensitivity| | | | ICU| AFB| | | | | CD4 count| | | | | HUMAN RESOURCES PROFILES | Health Staff by Profession| M| F| T Mamp;F|   | Health Staff by Profession| M| F| T Mamp;F| Internist| 0| 0| 0|   | Lab. Tech. (Bsc)| 5| 4| 9| Surgeon| 0| 0| 0|   | Lab. Technician(Dip)| 5| 5| 10| Obs. Gynecologist. | 1| 0| 1| | Lab. Technician (Jun)| 0| 0| 0| Pediatrician| 0| 0| 0| | Lab. aid| 1| 2| 3| Ophthalmologist| 0| 0| 0| | Pharmacist (Bsc) | 7| 2| 9| Orthopedic   | 0| 0| 0| | Pharmacy technician| 4| 11| 15| Pathologist| 1| 0| 1| | Pharmacy technician(Jun)| 0| 0| 0| Radiologist| 1| 0| 1| | Radio GrapherBsc| 2| 0| 2| Dermatologist| 0| 0| 0| | X-Ray   technician   (dip)| 4| 0| 4| Psychiatrist| 0| 0| 0| | Sanitarian (Bsc)| 1| 2| 3| Epidemiologist| 0| 0| 0| | Sanitarian (Dip) | 0| 0| 0| Neurologist| 0| 0| 0|   | Sanitarian (Jun)| 0| 0| 0| Dentist ( GP)| 2| 0| 2| | Malaria   technician| 0| 0| 0| Physiotherapist (BSC)| 1| 2| 3| | Primary Health Worker| 0| 0| 0| General Practitioner| 8| 10| 18| | Primary Midwife| 0| 0| 0| Health Officer| 2| 3| 5| | Health Education (BSC)| 1| 0| 1| Bsc. Nurse| 4| 13| 17| | Cataract surgeon| 0| 1| 1| Clinical Nurse (Dip)| 36| 87| 123| | Ophthalmic Officer | 1| 3| 4| Midwife) Bsc)| 2| 7| 9| | Optometry| 1| 0| 1| Midwife (Dip)| 3| 8| 11|   | Emergency surgery | 1| 0| 1| Health Assist. 1| 0| 1| |   |   |   |   | Health Assist. (Jun)| 0| 3| 3| | S. Total| 33| 30| 63| Psychiatric Nurse(BSC)| 0| 1| 1| | Total Technical staff| 100| 172| 270| Psychiatric Nurse(Dip)| 0| 3| 3| | Administration workers| 56| 131| 187| Ophthalmic Nurse (dip)| 0| 2| 2| | Temporary   worker | 6| 17| 23| Ophthalmic. Assistant| 1| 0| 1| |   |   |   |   | Anesthetist Nurse (Bsc)| 4| 2| 6|   | G. total  | 156| 303| 45 9| Anesthetist. Nurse (Dip)| 1| 1| 2| | | 12| 14| 26| Dental Nurse(Bsc)| 2| 0| 2| |   |   |   |   | S. Total| 70| 142| 212| |   | | |

12 Examples of Chemical Energy

12 Examples of Chemical Energy Chemical energy is the energy stored within chemicals, which makes it energy inside atoms and molecules. Most often, its considered the energy of chemical bonds, but the term also includes energy stored in the electron arrangement of atoms and ions. Its a form of potential energy that you wont observe until a reaction occurs. Chemical energy can be changed into other forms of energy through chemical reactions or chemical changes. Energy, often in the form of heat, is absorbed or released when chemical energy is converted to another form. Chemical Energy Examples Chemical energy is a form of potential energy found within chemical bonds, atoms, and subatomic particles.Chemical energy can be observed and measured only when a chemical reaction occurs.Any matter considered to be a fuel contains chemical energy.The energy can be released or absorbed. For example, combustion releases more energy than is needed to initiate the reaction. Photosynthesis absorbs more energy than it releases. Examples of Chemical Energy Basically, any compound contains chemical energy that can be released when its chemical bonds are broken. Any substance that can be used as a fuel contains chemical energy. Examples of matter containing chemical energy include: Coal: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat.Wood: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat.Petroleum: Can be burned to release light and heat or changed into another form of chemical energy, such as gasoline.Chemical batteries: Store chemical energy to be changed into electricity.Biomass: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat.Natural gas: Combustion reaction converts chemical energy into light and heat.Food: Digested to convert chemical energy into other forms of energy used by cells.Cold packs: Chemical energy is absorbed in a reaction.Propane: Burned to produce heat and light.Hot packs: Chemical reaction produces heat or thermal energy.Photosynthesis changes solar energy into chemical energy.Cellular respiration is a set of reactions that changes chemical energy in glucose into chemical energy in ATP, a form our bodies can use. Source Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus. Why Combustions Are Always Exothermic, Yielding About 418 kJ per Mole of O2. Journal of Chemical Education.

Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness

we use have no meaning whatever and of the other half each man understands each word after the fashion of his own folly and conceit" (14 Jan. 1898, Collected Letters [CL] 2.17). "If I succeed, you shall find," continues the Preface, offering, in addition, "perhaps, also that glimpse of truth for which you have forgotten to ask" (59). Evidently Conrad had already forgotten his dictum of the previous year that "the truth is ... that one's own personality is only a ridiculous and aimless masquerade of something hopelessly unknown" (24 Mar. 1896, CL 1.267). But he had a strong reasons for seeing that he for... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness â€Å"Kurtz is a disturbing symbol of madness and despair, but he does not dominate the novel. Would you agree?† Kurtz is definitely a disturbing symbol in Heart of Darkness, embodying the gloom, the despair, the ‘impenetrable darkness’ of the unknown jungle, the darkness inherent in all men’s hearts but he does not dominate the novel. It is Marlow’s perception, his ever changing understanding of the darkness and its many elements from afar and up close, that fills the novel, creates its many layers. It is his indeed this intense journey to Kurtz, Marlow’s journey of discovery on all levels that dominates Joseph Conrad’s novella, Heart of Darkness. Marlow’s journey to Kurtz has many levels, each profound and meaningful. Perhaps one of the most interesting aspects of the novel is Conrad’s powerful indictment of the evils of imperialism. - â€Å"The dreams of men, the seeds of men, the germs of empires.† His account in HOD perhaps reflects the savage repressions carried out in the Congo by the Belgians in one of the largest acts of genocide committed up to that time. And yet, Marlow, the central character in the novel seems to be simultaneously a good liberal identifying humanity within some of the natives, realising that they are in fact human, and a racist at the same time, that the natives are still but mere savages. â€Å"a savage who is no more account than a grain of sand in a black Sahara.† Marlow is simultaneously a good liberal and a racist, and a man struggling quite consciously with both perspectives. It is Conrad’s subtly in his treatment of such matters that allows us to make our own judgements, our own interpretations of Marlow’s river journey to Kurtz. On the way up the Congo to Kurtz, Conrad takes us on a ride using the powerful writing tool of symbolism. The symbols becoming a vehicle that carries us, the audience, from stop to stop, Marlow’s journey becoming an evaluation of the da... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness In Joseph Conrad’s, Heart of Darkness, the unusual Russian seems to have been thrown into the story for no significant purpose except for being Marlows broadcaster and Kurts palace fool. In this book the Russian is an odd character. He seems to pop out of nowhere and he just happens to have so much knowledge of Kurts himself. This Russian, where did he come in the picture? First off he warned Marlow and his crew about an upcoming attack. He obviously wanted them to take Kurts to a place where he could recover. The Russians role in this book is complicating to uncover. According to critique Burgess he is a friend of the author (248). The Russian serves as a messenger; someone to fill in for lost time. We have to remember that nothing has been heard or received from Kurts in the last nine months, so the Russian updates Marlow about Kurts place in the native world and all the changes he has undergone (Burgess 249). The Russian tries to prepare Marlow for what he is about to encounter. He also give him the insight that Kurts is a highly respected man that way he wont show any lack of respect which could in turn lead to his termination. For instance, when Marlow asked the Russian if he talked to Kurts he replied by saying â€Å" You don’t talk with that man - you listen to him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (C onrad 49). This really emphasizes Kurt’s influence on the natives. The Russian is also viewed as a fool in a royal court (Burgess 250). When Marlow see the Russian for the first time he is jumping up and down shouting â€Å" Its all right† (Conrad 48). Marlow said, â€Å" he looked like he had escaped from a troop of mimes† (Conrad 48). His clothes were all patched up with every bright color you can imagine, just like a clowns costume would be portrayed. According to Burgess all he needs to make this costume complete are the funny hat and the bells (249). â€Å" He is perfectly drawn in the trappings of the Fool, the royal jester, the court ... Free Essays on Heart of Darkness Illusions of the Mind â€Å"People only see what they are prepared to see.† In the novel, Heart of Darkness, the Europeans witness a life unlike any they have ever seen. They must face a harsh reality, which challenges their restraints on society and work. They are put to the test with their values and morals, revealing the truth to one another. Unleashing savagery or remaining civilized. Throughout Marlow’s journey up the Congo into Africa, he becomes increasingly disillusioned with European values and beliefs, thus, leaving Marlow to resist the tempting truth of our savage side or having succumbed to darkness. Without a protective civilized society, Kurtz represents what every man will become if left to his own desires. Every man has a heart of darkness that is usually drowned out by the light of civilization. However, when a man is removed from a civilized environment without any rules or laws to abide by, his instinct of savagery is unleashed. Darkness is related to savagery and Marlow represents the civilized soul, which has not been drawn by a dark force. Marlow is seen as the light in this darkness. There are three stations that Marlow must pass through on his journey to Kurtz: the outer station, the central station, and the inner station. These stations represent symbolic stages in Marlow’s journey of self-discovery. As Marlow travels up river, he first arrives at the outer station. Here he witnesses his first account of the jungle. He sees how the Natives are treated, he views the Europeans acts of futility, and this is just a glimpse of things he has to face in his future travels. Once Marlow reaches the central station he discovers Kurtz may not be the man he once thought. He first hears of Kurtz as being a wonderful man with power but Marlow is beginning to see into his mind. Marlow struggles within himself to see if he is like this man. Throughout his journey up the Congo, Marlow sees much more tr... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness does not explicitly deal with a struggle between war and peace: the conflict is a psychological, moral one; however, the text’s implications that society is a thin veil over our innate savagery, the darkness at the roots of Western civilization, reveals disturbing truths about the peaceful, orderly lives we take for granted. The key to understanding Conrad’s novella lies in ascertaining the metaphorical significance of the â€Å"heart of darkness,† a search which may yield an answer as complex and obscure than any geographical, sociological or psychological solution. Since its publication, several critics have categorized Heart of Darkness as a travelogue, or, at the least, a seaman’s tale mixed with autobiographical elements from Conrad’s life, yet the story itself refutes such interpretations: The yarns of seamen have a direct simplicity, the whole meaning of which lies within the shell of a cracked nut. But Marlow was not typical (if his propensity to spin yarns be expected), and to him the meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow brings out a haze†¦. (Miller 68) Conrad’s story is obviously about more than a bad trip into the jungle. In several respects, it is a â€Å"study on the effects of man’s isolation from the civilized world, represented by Kurtz† (Miller 129). The title "Heart of Darkness" the name itself implies a sense of unknown evil, and invokes thoughts of secrecy and mystery. It paints paradoxes of seemingly clear concepts and states, such as the mental condition of central character Kurtz, an enigmatic ivory trader deep in the heart of the "Dark Continent." The setting indeed takes place in a region remarkably like the Congo that has led many scholars to automatically label it as such.( Lackey ) For the purposes of this essay, I will acknowledge such connections while keeping in mind ... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Most Literate people know that by going into the Heart of the Jungle (Darkness), Conrad was trying to relay a message about the heart of man, and the story is read as one of the most symbolic stories of the English language. The story recognizes Marlow, its narrator, not Kurtz or the brutality of the Belgian officials. Conrad wrote a statement on how the story should be interpreted: â€Å"My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel it, and above all to make you see.† Knowing that Conrad was a writer that lived in his work, writing about the experiences were almost as if he was writing about himself. The Story was written through the eyes of Marlow. Marlow is a follower of the sea, His voyage up the Congo was the experience in river navigation. He is used as a mask so Conrad can enter the story and tell it out of his own logical mind. Marlow longs to see Kurtz, in hope of appreciating all that Kurtz finds appealing about the Darkness. Marlow does not get a chance to see him until Kurtz is so diseased that he looks more like death itself than a person. There were no good looks or health. In the story Marlow remarks that Kurtz resembles â€Å"an animated image of death carved into ivory†. Like Marlow, Kurtz is seen as an honorable man to many admirers; but he is also a thief, murderer, persecutor, and he allows himself to be worshipped almost as a god. Both Kurtz and Marlow had good intentions to seek, yet Kurtz seems an omniscient being who lacked morality. In the end they form one person. Marlow and Kurtz are the light and dark selves of one person. Meaning each one is what the other might have been. Every person that Marlow meets on his venture contributes to the plot as well as the overall theme of the story. Kurtz is the violent devil explained at the beginning of the story. It was his ability to control men through fear and adoration that led Marlow to signify this. T... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Heart of Darkness Inherent inside every human soul is a savage evil side that remains repressed by society. Often this evil side breaks out during times of isolation from our culture, and whenever one culture confronts another. History is loaded with examples of atrocities that have occurred when one culture comes into contact with another. Whenever fundamentally different cultures meet, there is often a fear of contamination and loss of self that leads us to discover more about our true selves, often causing perceived madness by those who have yet to discover. Joseph Conrad’s book, The Heart of Darkness is a story about man’s journey into his self, and the discoveries to be made there. They are also about Man confronting his fears of failure, insanity, death, and cultural contamination. During Marlow’s mission to find Kurtz, he is also trying to find himself. He, like Kurtz had good intentions upon entering the Congo. Conrad tries to show us that Marlow is what Kurtz had been, and Kurtz is what Marlow could become. Every human has a little of Marlow and Kurtz in them. Marlow says about himself, "I was getting savage (Conrad)," meaning that he was becoming more like Kurtz. Along the trip into the wilderness, they discover their true selves through contact with savage natives. As Marlow ventures further up the Congo, he feels like he is traveling back through time. He sees the unsettled wilderness and can feel the darkness of it’s solitude. Marlow comes across simpler cannibalistic cultures along the banks. The deeper into the jungle he goes, the more regressive the inhabitants seem. Kurtz had lived in the Congo, and was separated from his own culture for quite some time. He had once been considered an honorable man, but the jungle changed him greatly. Here, secluded from the rest of his own society, he discovered his evil side and became corrupted by his power and solitude. Marlow tells us about the Ivory that Kurtz kept... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness CHARACTERS Charlie Marlow Marlow as principal narrator, the teller of the story-within-a-story. He's like the Ancient Mariner of Coleridge's poem; he grips you with his storytelling skills. However, unlike the Mariner, he doesn't have a specific lesson to teach; his moral position is more ambiguous. He is thus "contaminated" by his experiences and memories, and, like Coleridge's Ancient Mariner, destined, to serve penance, by repeating his story to all whom will listen. Marlow serves as Conrad’s stand-in; we see in the first half that the novel is heavily autobiographical. Marlow is always observing and judging, but his politeness always seems to cover up the harshness of his judgments. The brickmaker and manger speak frankly to him because this mask of courtesy hides his contempt for them. We don’t learn very much of Marlow before the Congo voyage except that he is an experienced sailor who has seen the world. We do know that he is a man of modesty and courage. EXAMPLES: attack on the steamer; Kurtz’s escape...We see the modesty come out EXAMPLE: he never emphasizes his heroism of his daring nature and also he gets embarrassed at his aunt’s praises. We do know that Marlow is devoted to his work. His fondness for work is at the base of his system of values. He admits that no one likes to work but it is what keeps you sane, just as it keeps him sane in the jungle. I took this as work provides a structure for life and if you concentrate on the duties of work then you won’t succumb to the call of madness or the â€Å"darkness† of the unknown that surrounds us. Marlow is the moral grounding point of the novel. He is the only white man in the Congo who recognizes the evils of colonialism in Africa. Marlow is the everyman (for lac k of better terms) of the novel. He learns that he has to face his own heart of darkness ..the call of the primitive in his own nature. Later we see how he confuses the beat of t... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness â€Å"Did he live his life again in every detail of desire, temptation, and surrender during that supreme moment of complete knowledge? He cried in a whisper at some image, at some vision-he cried out twice, a cry that was no more than a breath: The horror! The horror!† What horror is Kurtz recounting as his final words? Truths lie inside the inner soul of all human beings, it is just a matter of when and where they will come out. Kurtz choose to let his be known as his passing words. An epiphany, a passing glimpse, the realization of what he has created and destroyed, willingly, or blindly going about hacking through the jungle blindfolded, searching for something of extrinsic importance. The narrator of Heart of Darkness never lets the reader know what Kurtz was speaking about. I believe Conrad wanted his audience to judge for themselves the importance of Kurtz’s words. Finding literal, as well as deeper meanings, in the novel becomes very apparent when basing the context of Kurtz’s words from a thematic standpoint. His word’s can be broken down on three levels: the first, dealing with the obvious literally sense of horror representing all the dead Africans, who died at the hands of the Kurtz in his lusty quest for ivory; the second, delves into an important theme relating to the book, which is human savagery, Kurtz must have realized he had become what he hated most; Lastly, on a abstract level, his finally word’s would have represented the society of European Imperialism that had molded Kurtz and formed him into a by-product of the mixture, which culminated together to create colonial, imperialistic attitudes. It is shear terror to imagine the magnitude of the scale on which atrocities of death, murder, and genocide had taken place against the Africans. Death is a very silent, dirty scene. Nobody has ever been able to recount their tale of death, for no doorway has been found that any person can use to return. Kurtz’... Free Essays on Heart of Darkness Abstract This paper introduces and discusses the book "Heart of Darkness," by Joseph Conrad. Specifically, it analyzes the role of women in this novella. The paper looks at how women are represented and what sort of comments are made about women "in general". Women in "Heart of Darkness" play an important and distinctive role in the tale. They represent civilization (and the lack of it) far away in the jungles of Africa, where the "darkness" lies in wait for every man. From The Paper "The African woman in the novel serves another purpose. She is totally opposite of The Intended, and of what "perfect" women are supposed to be back home in civilization. She is a leader, she is strong, and so she is infinitely frightening to the men. "Only the barbarous and superb woman did not so much as flinch, and stretched tragically her bare arms after us over the sombre and glittering river" (Conrad 146). She is also proud and "wild and gorgeous" (Conrad 135), which are adjectives Conrad never uses to portray the women back home. She represents the wild beauty of the jungle, and how it can never be tamed – not by the colonists and not by the Europeans. This African woman shows the men of the novel what a woman can do, and because of that, they find her "barbarous" and frightening, and would kill her if they get the chance. She not only represents the beauty of the jungle, she represents a woman who men cannot control, and so she is even more dangerous to them. The fact that she appears so briefly in the novel shows how Conrad ultimately dismissed her, and by dismissing her, he dismisses all women everywhere."... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness As the Heart of Darkness snakes its way into the savage shadows of the African continent, Joseph Conrad exposes a psycho-geography of the collective unconscious in the entangling metaphoric realities of the serpentine Congo. Conrad’s novella descends into the unknowable darkness at the heart of Africa, taking its narrator, Marlow, on an underworld journey of individuation, a modern odyssey toward the center of the Self and the center of the Earth. Ego dissolves into soul as, in the interior, Marlow encounters his double in the powerful image of ivory-obsessed Kurtz, the dark shadow of European imperialism. The dark meditation is graced by personifications of anima in Kurtz’ black goddess, the savagely magnificent consort of the underworld, and in his porcelain -skinned Persephone, innocent intended of the upperworld. Though â€Å"Dr. Jung’s discoveries were not known to Conrad, â€Å" (Hayes, 43) who wrote this master work between 1898 and 1899, Heart of Darkne ss presents a literary metaphor of Jungian psychology. This paper explores the dark territory of Conrad’s Heart of Darkness as metaphor for the Jungian concepts of the personal and the collective unconscious, as a journey of individuation, a meeting with the anima, an encounter with the shadow, and a descent into the mythic underworld. Like Conrad’s Marlow, who is propelled toward his African destiny despite ample warning and foreboding, I have been drawn beyond the classic analysis of the Heart of Darkness, embarking down an uncharted tributary, scouting parallels between Marlow’s tale and Jung’s own journeys to Africa, and seeking murky insight into the physical and the metaphorical impact of the dark continent on the language and the landscape of depth psychology. â€Å"Africa,† wrote Graham Greene, â€Å"will always be the Africa in the Victorian atlas, the blank unexplored continent in the shape of the human heart.† The African heart described by Greene â€Å"acquired ... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Submitting to Symbolism Every great author posses the ability to create a novel deeply woven in symbolism and subliminal messages. Underneath the literal journey encountered in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness lies a tale saturated with subtle, yet, significant imagery that brings forth the true meaning of the novella. Throughout Heart of Darkness Conrad uses a plethora of simple colors, objects, and places to convey multifaceted images and ideas. His fine execution of the tools of the English language allows him to quickly lure the reader aboard the Nellie and not release him until the horror is over. Although the interpretation of symbols in the Heart of Darkness is elaborate, due to their simplicity they are often overlooked. An overriding series of symbols in Heart of Darkness is the ongoing contrast of white and black, dark and light, and respectively holding representations of good and evil. Amongst most literature white/light relates to a civilized community and black/dark denotes savagery. However, Conrad often depicts many things usually associated with light to be dark in coincidence with the glittering light shed on dark images. Conrad illustrates the wrath of Europe, â€Å"And this also has been one of the darkest places of the earth.† (Conrad 18) Furthermore, Conrad's frequent symbolic combination of life and death is a parallel to light and dark, echoing the fact that the two must exist simultaneously - there cannot be without the other. Blatant, but often passed over is the symbolism of the number three in Heart of Darkness. First, notice that the book is divided into three chapters. From there Conrad only lets Marlow break from the story three times to let the unnamed narrator speak. As the journey through the Congo progresses it halts its journey at three stations-Outer, Central, and Inner. The triads do not end here, but persist through the characters in the novella. Though they play an integral role in He... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Heart of Darkness Response Paper â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is a very involved story, which takes place on a mission into the hearts of Africa. The use of imagery in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† gives the story another dimension of insight. Joseph Conrad’s use of imagery is so compelling because everything in the story symbolizes, alludes to, or allegorizes something in some way. As William Rogers II from the San Diego State University states, â€Å"Yet, as Wilfred Dowden’s recent study of Conradian imagery concludes, the some 1,100 words of the unnamed narrator that precede Marlow’s tale are not merely an accessible lead in to the subsequent complexity of narration and theme but are carefully composed to establish imagery and tonality for the entire work.† (Rogers, page 42) Joseph Conrad uses imagery in his descriptions of the surroundings, with the use of light and darkness and other objects in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† to better express his ideas throughout the story. One of the main themes in â€Å"Heart of Darkness† is colonialism in Africa. During the time of this story Europeans were invading Africa and enslaving the people who lived there. Throughout the story Conrad gives references to this. For example, â€Å"I could see every rib, the joints of their limbs were like knots in a rope; each had an iron collar on his neck, and all were connected together with a chain whose bights swung between them, rhythmically clinking.†(Page 280) Conrad also uses imagery to highlight the darkness of these acts. For example when the narrator gives a description of the areas surrounding him he uses darkness, death, and words of dejection to explain the images he sees. â€Å"They were not enemies, they were not criminals, there were nothing earthly now, - nothing but black shadows of disease and starvation, lying confused in the greenish gloom.† (Page 281) Also the author uses the words â€Å"heart of darkness† to describe his surr oundings. Thes... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Heart of Darkness The imagery of dark and light is never clearly defined but the linkage between the two in this novel is obviously clear. Light indicates self-knowledge, civilization and enlightenment. The darkness is in the title and also the major theme of this book. Darkness represents wilderness, evil and greed. Conrad tells us about the nature of the human’s heart and how it turns from good to bad. Since this novel leans toward the dark more than light, the dark will be our focus of attention. Conrad leaves the meaning of this darkness hazy on purpose. In clearer terms, you can’t easily reduce the meaning to a couple of sentences. He (Conrad) hints at and suggests the meaning which was meant for the â€Å"civilized† back home (and us) to figure out on their own. These qualities I think was meant to make this event (colonization of the Congo) linger in the readers mind and make them feel the creepiness of the whole ordeal. One might think that darkness in this novel refers to the Congo, the African people who live there, how they lived in ignorance, behaved savagely and brutally. This all might be true and to a certain degree should be true. So far darkness is used as a symbol of ignorance and primitiveness. Darkness could be clearer to us if we looked at it from a different angle. Darkness could be a symbol of the white man’s heart, which claims to be an agent of European light that comes to the Congo to save the Congo, though in reality it is the white man who kills the Congo. It is the white man that enslaves the habitants of the Congo meanwhile criticizing them as uncivilized and savages. Ironic, coming from the mouth of a slave owner. It is also the white man who is in the Congo to make money, following the greed of his heart, which is evil and thus dark. This all comes from the heart. The heart that starts out good (for most) and from the evilness of greed slowly turns black and wretched. To sum up, two concepts of... Free Essays on Heart of Darkness In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, there is a great interpretation of the feelings of the characters and uncertainties of the Congo. Although Africa, nor the Congo are ever really referred to, the Thames river is mentioned as support. This intricate story reveals much symbolism due to Conrad's theme based on the lies and good and evil, which interact together in every man. Today, of course, the situation has changed. Most literate people know that by probing into the heart of the jungle Conrad was trying to convey an impression about the heart of man, and his tale is universally read as one of the first symbolic masterpieces of English prose (Graver,28). In any event, this story recognizes primarily on Marlow, its narrator, not about Kurtz or the brutality of Belgian officials. Conrad wrote a brief statement of how he felt the reader should interpret this work: "My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel-it is above all, to make you see.(Conrad 1897) Knowing that Conrad was a novelist who lived in his work, writing about the experiences were as if he were writing about himself. "Every novel contains an element of autobiography-and this can hardly be denied, since the creator can only explain himself in his creations."(Kimbrough,158) The story is written as seen through Marlow's eyes. Marlow is a follower of the sea. His voyage up the Congo is his first experience in freshwater navigation. He is used as a tool, so to speak, in order for Conrad to enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical mind. He longs to see Kurtz, in the hope's of appreciating all that Kurtz finds endearing in the African jungle. Marlow does not get the opportunity to see Kurtz until he is so disease-stricken he looks more like death than a person. There are no good looks or health. In the story Marlow remarks that Kurtz resembles ... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness Marlow’s Identification with Kurtz and his Illness In Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, Kurtz’s character has a very strong influence on the story. He is not the protagonist however. This man is Marlow. Now, the dynamic between Marlow and Kurtz is a very important relationship. Kurtz was insane, however, Marlow still was strangely attracted to him and all surrounding him. Throughout the story, Marlow could identify with Kurtz and his illness; they were two very alike people, even if on opposite ends of the spectrum. From the beginning, Kurtz is Marlow’s â€Å"choice of nightmares†. As soon as his name is mentioned, Marlow is bent on finding this man. Idealistic thoughts frolic in the seaman’s head as he gladly takes the position of captain down the river. No one else seems as enthusiastic however, which is the first clue that Marlow and Kurtz share something special. The manager in fact, wants nothing more than to eliminate Kurtz all together. â€Å"We will not be free from unfair competition until one of these fellows is hanged as an example† (76). In this same scene, a bit more is learned concerning Kurtz’s illness. Apparently, Kurtz has gone from the emissary of light who wanted â€Å"each station [to be] a beacon on the road towards better things, a centre for trade of course, but also for humanizing, improving, [and] instructing† (76) to a man who shuns all humanity and keeps to himself â€Å"Clear this poor devil out of the country†¦ I had rather be alone than have the kind of men you can dispose! of with me† (75). This is all the more appealing to Marlow who shares some of Kurtz’s ideals. Marlow respects the savages, even identifying with them. He describes to the company on board the Thymes cruise that â€Å"†¦they were not inhuman†¦what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity †¦the thought of your remote kinship with this†¦uproar†¦if you were man enough you would admit†¦that ... Free Essays on Heart Of Darkness His flowing English seemed to be derived from a dictionary compiled by a lunatic. Lord Jim Is the difficulty with Heart of Darkness the portentous mysteriousness so regretted by E. M. Forster and F. R. Leavis, or with its being, in the author's words, "too symbolic or rather symbolic at all"? Or ... or is the horror of Heart of Darkness the apparently endless circulation of its signs in lies and irony? In as much as the story raises questions of lies, hypocrisy, and ambiguity, it concerns the duplicity of language, the preeminent medium of the existence and expression of those conditions. As the imagined written record of an imagined oral yarn, some distinction between "sound" and "unsound" method looms large. And as the product of a fluently trilingual author obsessed with ambiguity, hypocrisy, and lieshis own not least Conrad's Congo-book solicits watchful reading. The more one reads of Conrad's life, the more one finds in the celebrated words from the Preface to The Nigger of the "Narcissus" (1897 [NN]) another schizoid instance of someone addressing the self in disguise: "My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feelit is, before all, to make you see" (59). Brave words these, especially when one sees the author argue shortly thereafter that "[h]alf the words we use have no meaning whatever and of the other half each man understands each word after the fashion of his own folly and conceit" (14 Jan. 1898, Collected Letters [CL] 2.17). "If I succeed, you shall find," continues the Preface, offering, in addition, "perhaps, also that glimpse of truth for which you have forgotten to ask" (59). Evidently Conrad had already forgotten his dictum of the previous year that "the truth is ... that one's own personality is only a ridiculous and aimless masquerade of something hopelessly unknow n" (24 Mar. 1896, CL 1.267). But he had a strong reasons for seeing that he for...

The Phaedo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Phaedo - Essay Example Those enemies would be a life wasted on the pursuit of pleasure at the expense of pain (pleasure withdrawn). This very duality of life, according to Socrates, is the bane of existence for all of mankind. If one spends much time caught in the illusion of earthly pleasures then faces a fear of death due to inattention to the betterment of the mind and soul, then that life is sorely wasted. Yet to Socrates, lightly embracing pleasure allows one to enhance pleasure and not fear its removal, for such a person knows that pleasure is merely ephemeral and not a constant. In succeeding to do this, one overcomes the fear of death, for the loss of pleasure is a death in itself. Fear of losing pleasure is fear of death. This is not to say that the form death may take is pleasurable, but Socrates explains that the true philosopher from early on chases death in life, seeks endings and depth, the essence of pleasure and pain and finds within this duality a richness that is exhilarating rather than frightening. To live with death every day, or in other words, living each day preparing to die, is the very stuff of the true philosopher. A life well lived should not be grieved; Socrates wonders why people who face death fear liberation from worldly burdens when life could be lived free of worldly burdens by recognizing them as symbols rather than literal things. In d In discussing the pleasure/pain principle, Socrates explains that the fear of loss during life is an endless exchange of one pleasure for another. He demonstrates this by stating that, like coins, people abstain from one pleasure only to replace it with another in order to be "temperate." Like coins, the balance of pleasures is kept in check, yet there is always the fear of them being removed, lost or taken. The philosopher sees the idiocy of such thinking and allows pleasure to come and go as it pleases, seeing it for what it is. Pleasure is not worth sacrificing one's worldly life to obtain and hold onto it, for it is evasive and fickle. The true coin, Socrates says, is Wisdom. Interestingly, Socrates says flat out that we are born from the dead (in other words, we are dead until we are born); therefore, why should we fear death We already have en existence before we enter this world and we will regain that existence upon leaving this world. As we find good people in this world, so we shall find them in the world from whence our souls came. From this conversation springs the key to the duality in the world through the example of forms; in this world, forms are objects that help us remember; for life is simply an attempt to recall what has been forgotten rather than to know anything. True knowledge and the attainment of wisdom is the synthesis of the formed and the unformed, the born and the unborn, the resolution of all dualities. As Socrates explains (and to put it in modern terms), forms are symbols of what we know and are ties to many memories, each evoking a feeling of pleasure or pain. There is no true learning, only remembering (which is another way of saying that the brain is limited to the mind, but the soul is independent of both). My brother's sweater reminds me of

Professionalism vs Commercialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Professionalism vs Commercialism - Essay Example Accordingly, the following analysis will seek to define some of the key ways in which commercialism affects professionalism, and the way in which growing levels of commercialism are affecting professions in general. It is the hope of this author that such a level of analysis will help to bring and more complete understanding with regards to the dynamics that currently shape the world in which we live. With regards to the way in which growing levels of commercialism currently affect professionalism, one does not need to look very hard to see the way in which they growing emphasis upon profits and profitability is defining the business world. As compared to but a few decades past, the level to which business indices are focusing upon overall profitability and the bottom line has greatly reduced the level of professionalism that can be exhibited on the personal level. This is of course due to the fact that greater and greater degrees of freedom with regards to how a given profession is performed are being removed in the face of increasing regulatory oversight and the means by which standardization is pushed above all else. Ultimately, the perennial back-and-forth that is realized between all individuals and seek to display a level of professionalism within their work is called into question with regards to the incessant drive to maximize profitability. Furthermore, due to the fact that more and more firms/entities are operating at the very margins, the overall level that professionalism within a given work spirit is stressed is necessarily reduced. In such a way, the ultimate mantra becomes a maximization of profit. Within such a dynamic, the means by which professionalism can be fostered from within the firm is necessarily reduced. This of course has a compound affect not only on the means by which work is accomplished but also with regards to how the individual worker views the importance of professionalism. Whereas before professionalism was encouraged both fro m the personal standpoint as well is a systemic standpoint, the current dynamic sees a situation in which more and more often the individual alone is the only one seeking to promote professionalism in the place of commercialism. Unfortunately, the fact of the matter is that many firms and entities do not realize that fostering greater professionalism within their respective employees would necessarily have a compound affect not only of producing a better quality of product/services but would also have the ancillary affect of increasing profitability and serving mankind to a greater degree. However, like so many choices within the business world, the short-term gains are championed over long-term eventualities. In this way, professionalism is cheated out of its do merit as a means of maximizing the short-term benefits that commercialization and profit generation can necessarily entail. As a means of looking forward, it must be understood by the reader that a far better approach would be to realize that although commercialization holds the potential to generate profits, so too does fostering a greater and higher appreciation for professionalism within whatever business entity/firm is in question (Day 166). As with so many of the solid business choices that exists within theory and application, recent history as evidenced the fact that as a means of hoping to generate impressive numbers and

Importance of Technical & Vocational Institution Essay Example for Free

Importance of Technical Vocational Institution Essay This research attempts to investigate the importance of technical vocational institution. This research is also carried out to find out the various methods objective of research. What is the expectation to fulfil the requirement of being indusrtialized nation?. Well, having the existence of technical vocational institution are mainly to produce hands on skills on students as well as to develop them to become a part of industrialized nation. In developing our country , technical vocational school has come to existence to give students opportunity to choose skills that can be learned. This research is carried out to find out the advantages of having technical vocational institution in Malaysia. Besides that, this research to investigate the effectiveness of having this kind of school in our country and ways to improve vocational technical education system. 1. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH This research is carried out to provide awareness of the existence of technical and vocational institution as well as to introduce the importances of this institution. Nowadays, we are facing problem that this kind of institution is out of date and is lacking systematically and also having doubts whether it is meeting the current industrial needs in the country. Therefore, this research is carried out to introduce and emphasized on the importance of this institution. The background of this research is based on its development. The formal technical and vocational education system under the Ministry of Education starts at the upper secondary level, where there are 70 secondary vocational schools with an enrolment of 33,751 students and nine secondary technical schools having a total 5,339 students. The secondary vocational schools offer a course structure that covers the same core subjects as in other upper secondary academic schools. In addition to these core subjects, the vocational school students select a group of vocational subjects in accordance with the vocational course following. Vocational studies make up about 50 percent of the total course content in the secondary vocational school. Based in nature and technical subjects offered are less practical in nature. Technical studies make up only about 17 per cent of the total course content in the secondary technical school. At the post-secondary level there are six polytechnics with a student population of 15, 000 with about 12,000 students undergoing courses at the certificate level and 3,000 students at the diploma level. The objective of the polytechnics is to produce trained manpower at the semi-profesional level in various areas of engineering and commerce. At the certificate level about 80 percent of the students are following engineering courses. Female students make up about 25 percent of the total student population. Some examples of training government agencies are MARA- skills training institutes Ministry of Youth and Sport – Youth Training Centres and Ministry of Welfare Services- Training Centres. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Statement of problems: 1. It shows that lately technical vocational institution is out of date. 2. Students mainly are not aware of the avantages of technical vocational institution. 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This researh method to meet the following objectives: * To investigate the importances of technical vocational institution. * To find out ways to improve tecnical vocational education system. 1. 4 RESEARCH QUESTION The following research question is translated in order to meet the research objective. * Which is the importance of technical vocational institution?. * What is the implication to students on the importance of having technical vocational institution?. 1. 5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The significance of the study is to help students and teacher to indentify the importance of having technical vocational institutons. Vocational and technical education is important because not everyone should be expected to take the path of going to a university and getting a university degree. Some people prefer to take a non-academic path because this is where their passion and interests lies. As such, having a good vocational and technical training and education program is important to ensure that students who are inclined towards these sectors have a respectable channel to pursue skills in this area. In Malaysia, making the pursuit of these skills is one of the ways to reduce school dropout rates and to increase the skills and earning power of those who do not lean towards the academic arena. Most students graduate without actually obtaining a real tertiary education, and the good students also suffer because the intellectual discourse that is supposed to happen in classes never materializes. This is a truly unfortunate side effect of the governments drive to produce more graduates. Enrollment criteria into universities get lowered every year because of the competition to get students at all costs, so quality suffers even more. 1. 6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research covers only students from Universiti Industri Selangor ( UNISEL ) where the research was conducted to find out the results and point of views regarding the topic of research. Besides that, the research only covers students aged between 18 to 25 years old for oipinions and point of view on the matter of the topic. The research also covers only soe student from technical vocatioanal school. 1. 7 CONCLUSION This chapter gives brief explaination, definition on the background of the study where researcher aim to investigate the mportance of technical vocational institution and the affectiveness of having this kind of school in our country as well to support our country to become and industrilized country. This chapter also gives the background of the study and significance of the study. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 INTRODUCTION Literature review comprises of related literature which is definition of topic, a general overview, advantages and also types of technical vocational institution. In this chapter it shows the types of technical institution available. Besides that, the current importance is shown in the advantages as well as the implication of the topic. The variations of institution is also mentioned in this chapter to give clear view of the types of school available, thus emphasizing on the importance of this research. 2. 2 RELATED LITERATURE 2. 2. 1- Definition of technical and vocational institution. 2. 2. 2- Advantages of technical vocatioanal institution. 2. 2. 3- Types of technical vocational institution. 2. 2. 1 DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION Tecnique means a particular way of doing something, especially one in which you have to learn special skills. Besides that, it is the skill with which somebody is able to do something practical. ( Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 7 Ed, 2006). Institution on the hand is defined as a large important organization that has a particular purpose, for example, a university or school. In this case, institution is a place where it serves the need of educating technical skills as well as basic subjects to students. While cited in the web Wikipedia, vocational education or Vocational Education and Training (VET), also called Career and Technical Education (CTE), prepares learners for jobs that are based in manual or practical activities, traditionally non-academic and totally related to a specific trade, occupation or vocation, hence the term, in which the learner participates. It is sometimes referred to as technical education, as the learner directly develops expertise in a particular group of techniques or technology. 2. 2. 2 ADVANTAGES OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION. In this chapter, researcher will be emphasizing in the advantages of technical vocational institution. Nowadays,not everyone should be expected to take a path of going to University and getting a university degree. Therefore, having technical vocational institution is to ensure that students who are inclined towrd these sector ( technical vocational ) have a respectable channel to persue skills in this area which is to technical vocational scholls as well as institution. Besides that, having technical and vocational school is to reduce school dropout  rates and to increase the skills and earning power of those who do not learn toward academic area. These students will have quality hands on skills and is useful in providing them job opportunity in future especially in the techinical industry. Students also are abe to develop their skills as well make use of it in the current development. On the other hand, some student are able to study basic subjects and favoured skills as they want to. This increase the capability of learning and creats creatve individuals for the nation. Besides being a stepping stone, yhis hands on students in developng skill and providing job opportunity. Iit also produces active quality manpower in the country 2. 2. 3 TYPES OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Technical and vocational institution is diveded into two levels first is the upper secondary level (Form 4 and Form 5) is the level where technical and vocational education formally commences. Here, the technical and vocational schools offer the same core subjects as normal academic schools. These cover several core subjects for the languages, mathematics, and sciences but in addition the students are required to take selected technical and vocational subjects from a group of several different options. Secondary Technical Vocational School has 3 streams for selection which includes:Technical Stream, Vocational Stream and Skill Training Stream. Upon completing 2 years of studies at this level, the technical or vocational school students are required to sit for the common public examination called the Malaysia Certificate of Education or Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) examination similar to those academic school students from the secondary academic schools. However students from the Skill Training stream will sit for Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia* (Malaysian Skill Certificate) after which a government skill qualification is awarded for Level 1, 2, 3, 4 5. The higher level is Technical and Vocational Education at Post Secondary Level This post-secondary level of technical education, which is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Higher Education, comprises the following public institutions: Polytechnics, Community Colleges, Technical University Colleges and Public Universities. There are currently 19 polytechnics in the country conducting technical and vocational education offering 37 diploma and 26 certificate programmes covering study areas like engineering, commerce, food technology, marine, hospitality and Design. Community Colleges were first established by the government in the year 2000 with the primary objective of providing alternative skill training and education for secondary school leavers and those who have left the formal education system. In order to upgrade the image and professional level of technical and vocational education due to the increasing importance of employment in the industrial sectors, the government has, since 1999, set up 5 technical university colleges to focus on higher technical education offering engineering and related technical programmes designed to produce graduates with strong theoretical and cognitive knowledge and who possess high competency in application skills. They are:Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia ,Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein Onn,Kolej Universiti Teknikal Kebangsaan Malaysia,Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Utara Malaysia and Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Teknologi Malaysia. There are currently a total of 17 public universities in the country which is inclusive of the abovementioned 5 technical university colleges. Besides the 5 specialist technical universities colleges, many of the regular public universities, particularly the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia offer many technical and technological as well as engineering programmes leading to diploma and degree qualifications. In the meantime, as for technician/sub-professional and craft-level courses, the government training agencies which are involved in conducting training for student trainees include the Ministry of Human Resources. These agencies carry out the programmes through Industrial Training Institutes, MARA, under the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development, through the Skills Training Institutes, the Ministry of Youth Sports through Youth Training Centres, and the Ministry of Welfare Services through its Training Centres. In addition, training is also conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture to produce Junior Agricultural Assistants at the Agricultural Institute. Mention must also be made of the training conducted by the Standards and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) in various specialised fields for the public and private sectors, as well as training by the National Productivity Centre for the public and private sectors in areas of management and administration. 2. 3 CONCLUSION This chapter gives explaination, definition, development as well as the importance of technical vocational institution. This chapter comprises of variety of institution available and its fuction as well it effect n education system. Besides that,his chapter involves the development of institution from establishment to the current development. The importance which is the advantages is clearly in this chapter to match the objective of the research. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1 INTRODUCTION This research attempts to investigate the importance of technical and vocational institution. This chapter outlines the methodologies engaged in the research. This chapter is extremely important as it determines the success or failure of this research whereby it takes into account of the methodology and procedure used by the researchers to get the necessary and wealthy information. 3. 2 RESEARCH DESIGN In this research, the researchers have chosen to use a qualitative approach in order to collect data. In this research, a set of questionnaires will be administered to a selected number of people. This step is necessary for the researchers to gather the necessary data and submit the findings in a form of report. The data or information obtained from the questionnaire administered will be interpreted in Chapter 4. 3. 3 POPULATION AND SAMPLES The sample of this research will mainly be university students specifically University Industri Selangor (UNISEL) students. The sample will be approximately 20 students. The students will comprise of both male and female students from all races. The subjects will be randomly picked comprising of students with different point of view. 3. 4 INSTRUMENTATION In this research, the instrumentation would be in the form questionnaire. The instrument is revised for its clarity and importance towards the research. The questionnaire will be given to each student. It aims to research on how to improve the technical and vocational education system and make it up to date as well as to research on the importance of this institution in education. Besides that, the questionnaire is to gain opinions and suggestions from the public. 3. 4. 1 QUESTIONNAIRE The student was given a set of questionnaire comprising of 8 closed-ended questions and 2 open-ended question. The questionnaire is used to save time as the result of the questionnaire is easy to be evaluated. The questionnaire is formed in respond of Yes or No answers. The students need to choose and tick or circle the options accordingly. 3. 5 DATA ANALYSIS This research will be analysed using the results of questionnaire carried out the with the university students. The data will then be analysed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) computer software that enables the researchers to do many types of statistical analyses. The percentage of questionnaire results will be analysed and calculated through this software. Then, the researchers will make references based on the statistical analyses. This allows the researchers to have a better quality of research outcomes. CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS 4. 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter will mention the results of questionnaire after they are analysed and calculated. The data collected is based on the qualitative approach. The data presented will include the total of 20 samples (students). The questionnaire will be further analysed according to 10 different questions given. 4. 2 QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS. In this section, the data with references to the topic of the research has been collected by distributing 20 set of questionnaires to the university students. The feedbacks and responses from the students have been positive for the researchers to draw a certain conclusion. 4. 2. 1 Q1 The first question in the questionnaire is â€Å"Are you aware of the existence of technical and vocational school? † The question’s objective is to find out whether students are aware of this kind of school’s existence. Based on the questionnaire results, the 20 students who took the survey comprises of 20 samples with different answers. The results is that almost 95% of the students answered yes, and are aware of the existence of this type of institution while 5% of the students were not aware of the existence of this type of institution. This shows that mostly Students are aware of the existence of this type of institution. 4. 2. 2 Q2 The second question in the questionnaire is â€Å"Is technical and vocational institution beneficial? † This question is aimed to find out the importance of this type of institution. Almost 85% of the students agreed that this type of school is beneficial. While 15% of the students did not agree that this institutions were beneficial. This result shows clearly that students in majority agreed that this institution is giving advantages while minority have doubts on its advantages. 4. 2. 3 Q3 The third question is â€Å"Does it helps develop skills? †This question is to determine whether the main medium in this school will help students develop skills. 90% of the response agreed that it develop skills while 10% of the responses found that attending this school does not help develop skills. 4. 2. 4 Q4 Q5 The fourth and fifth questions in the questionnaire are inter-related to each other. Question 4 â€Å"Is technical vocational education up to date? †60% of the students agreed that it was not up to date while only 40% agreed that it was up to date. Question 5 is â€Å"Is it efficient in training skills? † Only 39% agreed that it is efficient while 61% agreed that it was not efficient. This proves that the efficiency of its productivity has link with the current development of this type of institutions. . 4. 2. 5 Q6 Q7 The sixth question in the questionnaire and the seventh question is inter-related too. â€Å"Is it necessary to have vocational technical education system? The results was 90% agreed it is necessary while 10% agreed the other way around. Question seventh is â€Å"Do you think Malaysian vocational technical institution meets the current industrial need? † 40% think it meets the current industrial need while 60% disagree with it. This shows that in question sixths result that it is important to have this type of institution. 4. 2. 6 Q8 The eight question is â€Å"Does it help proving job opportunity in future? † this question aims to prove one of its advantages. 85% agreed that it helps providing job chances while 15% disagree it help in providing job opportunity. This shows that it is important to have this type of institution for students in our country. 4. 2. 7 Q9 Q10. The ninth and the final question in this questionnaire is an open-ended question which is â€Å"In your opinion, what benefit does technical vocational school provides? and â€Å"Suggestions on ways to improve vocational and technical education system†. This final question is to give the students a chance to express their idea or suggestion. Based on the suggestions given, most of the students feel that the main benefit is it develops in training students skills. Besides that, it also provides job opportunity to students and it gives student who are not academically successful an opportunity to excel in a different field of study. The suggestions given was more focused in upgrading the system, the facilities, the study tool, the learning environment as well as the materials in order for Malaysia to take a step forward in industrial development as well as vision 2020. 4. 3 SUMMARY Based on the data collected and using SPSS for the questionnaire, there are more advantages than the disadvantages of having this type of school. Besides that, the importance of technical vocational institution is that it is the current demand of the era that each country produces its own manpower and nation with good quality skills which is useful for the development of the country. CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION SUGGESSTION 5. 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter incorporates the last aspect of the research which is the most important part of the research. The first section of the chapter will cover the survey of the findings which is based on the main findings. The second section is on implication and suggestion or recommendation. The third section is on the final summary or the conclusion of this survey. 5. 2 SURVEY OF FINDINGS Based on the main findings, it clearly shows that students mostly almost all the students are aware of the importance of the technical vocational institution. Besides that, in building an industrialized nation we have to be aware of the importance keeping and upgrading this type of school to its best level. In a nutshell, there are loads of advantages having and attending technical vocational school. 5. 3 IMPLICATION AND RECOMMENDATION According to the suggestions gathered through the survey, the students strongly agrees that the institution to be upgraded and improved both in its syllabus and also education system to provide conducive learning to take place. Besides that, the skills taught should be inclined with the industries upgrading demand. 5. 4 CONCLUSION In fulfilling the vision 2020, our country of all parties should upgrade its education system. Besides that, having technical and vocational skills is not just as a place for students who are not successful in academic but it should be an institution which produces good quality skilled professionals in future. It should also be a stepping stone for every student attending this school in obtaining better jobs in future. The importance of technical and vocational school is clearly aware by students. Therefore, this institution should be taken seriously into consideration by students as it provides extra knowledge as well as helps develop hands on skill in students. This institution has a great advantage in the industry especially in producing and moulding new generation with certified skills therefore each and every nation should support its development and existence. In a nutshell, everyone should play a major role in keeping the importance of this technical and vocational institution and also support its function in education to make it more efficient. REFERENCES http//:www. wikipedia. com http//:www. studymalaysia. com. my Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 7 Ed, 2006 RESEARCH: THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL INSTITUTION NAME: Susanthi Rani Rajoo 4091008981 Noorfara Ashikin Ahmad Tarmizi 4091009991 Alyani Mohd Radzi 4091009561 Lisa Mastura Muhd Zahid Poh4073010421 GROUP: 1A SUBJECT: Philosophy and Development of Education Industry In Malaysia LECTURER: Mr Baghawi PROGRAMME: Bachelor Of Education (Hons)(TESL) FACULTY: Faculty Of Education and Language Studies.